This is the fifth and
last post on the series on basic body substances in Traditional Chinese
Medicine. The basic substances are Qi, Blood (Xue), Essence (Jing), Spirit (Shen), and Body Fluids (Jin Ye). I will be
sharing some ideas about the Body fluids or Jin Ye, what they are, their
functions, symptoms of imbalance and tips on how to maintain their health.
The TCM basic substances are those which are essential
for health and for life itself as life cannot be sustained if one of them is
missing. These substances are not only the building blocks of the physical body
but also encompass the human dimensions of the mind, emotions and spirit.
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| Body fluids are more than just water |
Body fluids are pure Yin energy: They are the
juice that enables every bodily process to occur and every organ to function.
These fluids can be thin and light or thick and nourishing and their
composition is much more than just water: Depending on the specific functions
of the fluid and its location in the body, it may contain different
minerals and nutrients. Body fluids moisten and lubricate every tissue, and
provide nourishment to all our cells as well as facilitating the flow of
substances throughout the body.
Every single organ, sense organ and tissue
of the body needs Body fluids to be able to perform their functions. Without
fluids, everything becomes dry and brittle and the body crumbles. Besides this,
Jing Ye conform everything in the body that has liquid form such as gastric
juices, tears, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal
fluid and of course the Blood. Just think of any part of the body, it will
inevitably need some form of fluid to be healthy or do its job. In addition, Body
fluids enable the excretion of waste and toxic products out of the body.
FUNCTIONS OF JIN YE
Body fluids are generally separated into
Jin – the thinner fluids, and Ye – the thicker and richer fluids. These are two
expressions of Yin energy, the difference between them being that Ye fluids are
comparatively more Yin and Jin fluids comparatively more Yang. This means that
Ye fluids are thicker and more nourishing, work at deeper levels of the body, and if they are insufficient our health will be affected more severely.
The main functions of Body fluids are:
- To moisten and
lubricate- These two functions are slightly different from each other. On the
one hand, providing moisture prevents dryness and brittleness, on the other
hand lubrication is like a coating that prevents friction, provides protection,
and facilitates the smooth passage of substances and food. Thus, the skin,
muscles, tendons, ligaments and sensory orifices are mostly moistened while the
internal organs, hollow tracts, joints, the spine and brain are mostly
lubricated. Moistening is mostly done by Jin – the lighter more Yang fluids,
while lubricating is done by Ye- the richer more Yin fluids.
- To nourish- Body
fluids provide the deep nourishment that organ tissues need to be healthy and perform
their functions. This includes the brain and the sense organs. Severe
deficiency of Body fluids can result in poor organ function, cognitive
impairment, and decline in our ability to see, hear, smell. This doesn’t mean
all of these things will happen at once. The affected areas will depend on
different factors such as our constitutional make up, our lifestyle,
environment, and the level of the deficiency of Body fluids.
- To transport- Body
fluids provide the transporting platform for many substances from nutrients,
neurochemicals and hormones to waste products.
- To conform the Blood- Body
fluids conform the liquid part of the Blood, which could be likened to Plasma.
BODY FLUID PRODUCTION
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| Body fluids depend on a healthy diet |
Body fluids originate in the digestive
system. A healthy digestive system will break down everything that we eat and
drink and convert it into Qi, Blood, and more Body Fluids. Body Fluids are the
substances least spoken about but they are actually the most essential. The
reason for this is that without plentiful Body fluids the digestive system
cannot perform its functions of transforming food and drink into Qi, Blood and
Body fluids and transporting these substances throughout the body. Qi and Blood
are the resources that we use up every single day when we perform our daily
activities. These substances depend to a large extent on a healthy digestive
system which in turn depends on plentiful Body fluids – which are also produced
by the digestive system.
While the digestive system can continue
working relatively well when we are Blood deficient, and can still somewhat
function when we are Qi deficient, without enough Body fluids its ability to
process food and drink will be impaired. As a result, there will be a decline
in Qi, Blood and Body fluid production. This vicious cycle can rapidly spiral
down and create systemic dysfunction.
In relation to Qi and Blood, Body fluids
are the most Yin substance. For this reason, Qi deficiency is much easier to
treat than Body Fluid deficiency, and the latter implies a more severe level of
depletion.
BODY FLUID
DISHARMONIES
Not having enough body fluids results in
dryness and poor organ function anywhere in the body. Just think of what
happens when things dry out: eyes become sore and unable to be used without
their natural moisture, a dry mouth is unable to facilitate the passage of food
down the upper digestive tract, a dry throat is unable to swallow and doesn’t
allow us to speak fluidly, a dry stomach can become painful and acidic, dry
intestines cannot move the stools, dry joints become painful and stiff.
Everything starts in the Stomach and
Spleen. When the Body fluids of the Stomach reach a level of deficiency, the
impact of this deficiency can be transferred to different parts of the digestive
system- the mouth, oesophagus, intestines. If the deficiency is not corrected
and becomes more severe, it can start to impact other internal organs to
eventually reach the Kidneys, the Heart and the Brain. The increasing lack of
Qi, Blood and Body fluids resulting from a deficient Stomach will eventually
manifest at a systemic level with symptoms such as low immunity, low energy, hormonal
imbalances, poor organ function or organ failure, and neurological symptoms.
Having worked for decades with people with immune and neurological conditions,
I have very often seen how the severe systemic issues were rooted in a severe
Body fluid deficiency of the digestive system.
As Body fluids conform the liquid part of
the Blood, the two substances have a strong influence on each other. Generally
speaking, the Blood has to do with nourishing the substance of the body such as
the muscles, the heart muscle, the brain mass itself, etc; while Body fluids
have more influence on the actual function of the organs and systems. However,
because of the close relationship between the two substances, a severely
deficient Blood will quickly create Body fluid deficiency and vice-versa.
The table below, shows symptoms that may
appear in different parts of the body as a result of Body fluid deficiency based on how Body fluids are regarded in Jing Fang Classical Chinese Medicine. The
treatment for all of these will invariably involve a nourishing diet consisting
of easy to digest foods (such as soups and stews), plenty of rest and sleep and
an adjustment of the level of daily activity to the level of available energy.
Beside this, specific herbs to nourish the Stomach and the specific area of the
body that is affected can be used:
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ORGAN
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BODY FLUID DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
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BRAIN
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Low cognitive function: Difficulty learning, inability to focus or concentrate. Bleak mood, no motivation. Feeling as if the brain is empty
Note: The Blood nourishes the brain mass and has an effect on
memory and sleep
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SENSORY ORIFICES
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Dryness/malfunction: Severe dryness of the eyes, mouth, ears,
nose. Loss of smell, taste, hearing, eyesight
Note: The Blood nourishes the eyes but not so much the other
orifices
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LUNG
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Dryness and low function: Severe dryness, inability to breathe,
shortness of breath, weak voice, dry tight chest, organ failure
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HEART
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Low function: Irregular heartbeat, weakness, organ
failure Note: Blood disharmony will affect the strength of the heartbeat
and can cause pain
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STOMACH
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Low function: Low or no appetite, inability to digest with
pain/bloating after eating, poor absorption, organ collapse Dryness: low gastric juice production, tightness in epigastrium,
acid reflux/nausea/pain on an empty stomach
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INTESTINES
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Low function: Forceless stools, multiple stools per day, severe
constipation, diarrhoea with indigested food, watery stools, waking at night to pass stools, organ failure
Note: The Blood has some effect on moistening the stools
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KIDNEY BLADDER
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Low function: Easily getting UTIs from not drinking enough, not
able to pass urine due to weakness, need to press abdomen to empty bladder,
nocturia several times per night, organ failure
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GENITALS
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Milder effect on quantity of Blood and Sperm quality.
Blood disharmonies have a strong effect on menstruation,
reproduction, and sperm quality and quantity
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EXTERIOR
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JOINTS: pain worse for movement, dry joints, loss of cartilage
LIGAMENTS: shrinking, tightness, hyperextension, weak and easily
injured/inflamed
Note: The Blood impacts the muscle mass, muscle strength, and
bone density
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Excess of Body fluids is often mentioned as a type of disharmony. However, given that the fluids that we refer
to as basic substance are only the pure, refined, nutritious type of fluids, I
would argue that what is normally seen as excess Body fluids is nothing but
Damp. Dampness refers to an accumulation of turbid fluids of varied consistency
which are a result of either poor metabolism – i.e. an inability of the
digestive system to transform food and drink into usable substances which
results in an accumulation of unprocessed matter- or poor diet- the consumption
of foods that are considered damp forming such as processed foods, excessive
dairy, gluten, refined sugar, etc. Damp is therefore what may result from a
digestive system that is deficient in Qi and/or Body fluids. Having an
abundance of the healthy Body fluids in our body would translate as more health
and vitality rather than constitute a disharmony causing ill health.
HOW BODY FLUIDS BECOME DEFICIENT
Body fluids can become deficient when the body doesn't produce enough, we use up more
than we have, or when there is excessive leakage. The main sources of deficiency
are:
- Not enough Body fluids being created by
the digestive system: This can happen for various reasons including:
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Not consuming enough food and drink for
our needs – this can happen because there isn’t enough food available, there
is an eating disorder, or our level of activity is very high and our consumption
of food and drink is not high enough to cover our needs.
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Consuming food and drink that are not nutritious,
have a high level of toxicity, or are difficult to digest: this includes poor
quality food, processed foods, food that is too rich, high in sugar, high on
harmful chemicals, excessive dairy and wheat, excessive alcohol consumption.
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Constitutional weakness in the
digestive system. Qi or Yang deficiency of the Spleen/Stomach
- Excessive physical activity: This means doing more physical activity than
our body’s resources can afford to do- i.e. an optimum amount of rest and
nutrition cannot restore the internal resources needed for long-term health. An
example of this is the activity performed by professional athletes: Studies such as this one from Poland and this one from Harvard University, have
shown that their increased expenditure of energy leads to accelerating aging which is a manifestation of Body fluid deficiency.
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| Over sweating depletes the Body fluids |
Leakage of fluids: When the normal and
necessary excretion and secretion of fluids become uncontrolled and large amounts
of fluids continuously leave the body, the internal production cannot keep up
and the result will be a depletion of internal Body fluids. There are “five
leakages” that affect the Body fluids. To these we can add excessive bleeding
as this can cause severe Blood depletion which will in turn deplete the Body
fluids. The five leakages are:
Excessive sweating: When we frequently sweat profusely
Excessive crying: Crying often and profusely
Excessive urination: Copious urination over 8 x day and 2 x night
Excessive drooling: Constant drooling, excess salivation
Excessive runny nose: Constantly losing water through the nose
When there is excessive leakage of any
fluids, the treatment priority becomes to stop the leakage. This can be done by
the intake of specific herbs as well as acupuncture and moxibustion on specific
points depending on the particular leakage. Once the leakage is under control,
treatment will focus on restoring the lost Body fluids and addressing the
internal imbalances that led to the leakage in the first place.
HOW TO PREVENT BODY FLUID DEFICIENCY
In order to have
plentiful Body fluids we need to:
- Look after our Body fluid production, which means taking care of our digestive system, keeping it strong through the regular intake of appropriate food and drink and as free from toxic burdens as we possibly can. More information on how to do this can be found in my previous post about diet and nutrition according to TCM and the post about the main organ of digestion in TCM.
- Make sure we don’t over spend our Body fluid resources by resting and sleeping enough in relation to our energy expenditure. Generally speaking, we will know that we need more rest when we feel exhausted or weak as a result of our normal activities.
- Take time to recover after illness before increasing physical activity. This has become more obvious since the Covid 19 pandemic as many people have become chronically ill after returning to normal activities and exercise too soon following an infection with this virus. We need to be vigilant of our strength and energy levels before returning to normality.
Once the Body fluid deficiency becomes severe, changes in the diet and lifestyle will not be enough to restore health. Although changes will be necessary to avoid worsening the situation, only treatment that strengthens organ function and nourishes the Body fluids will be able to reverse the situation. Moxibustion and Chinese herbal medicine are often important parts of this process.
Our Body fluids are the most essential substances for our vitality, health and longevity. In addition, they are the juice behind our creativity, our ability to be in the world with full perception and our capacity to learn and be productive. Looking after them is the best way to ensure we can enjoy life and good health into the last stage of our lives.